治理

AI Governance

定义

The framework of policies, processes, roles, and controls that ensure AI systems are developed, deployed, and used responsibly and in compliance with applicable law. AI governance spans ethics, bias, privacy, security, and regulatory compliance across the model lifecycle.

相关术语

EU AI Act

The world's first comprehensive AI regulation, adopted by the European Union in 2024 and phasing in through 2027–2028 (prohibitions from February 2025, GPAI obligations from August 2025, stand-alone high-risk systems from 2 December 2027, and high-risk AI embedded in regulated products from 2 August 2028). It classifies AI systems by risk level—unacceptable, high, limited, and minimal—and imposes obligations proportionate to risk, from outright bans to conformity assessments and transparency requirements.

AI Risk Management

A systematic process for identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks associated with AI systems throughout their lifecycle. The EU AI Act requires high-risk AI providers to implement and document a risk management system; ISO 42001 and NIST AI RMF provide complementary frameworks.

Human Oversight

The ability of humans to effectively monitor, intervene in, and override an AI system's outputs. The EU AI Act mandates appropriate human oversight for all high-risk AI systems, requiring technical measures that enable operators to halt or correct the system in real time.

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