Fundamentals

Embodied AI

Definition

AI systems situated in a physical body or robot that perceive the world through sensors and act on it through actuators. Embodied AI bridges software intelligence and the physical world, making it central to robotics, autonomous vehicles, and smart manufacturing.

Related Terms

Physical AI

AI systems that perceive and act in the physical world through robotics, autonomous vehicles, smart manufacturing equipment, and industrial sensors. Physical AI integrates computer vision, reinforcement learning, and real-time control to automate tasks previously requiring human dexterity and judgment in unstructured environments.

Reinforcement Learning (RL)

A machine learning paradigm where an agent learns by interacting with an environment and receiving reward or penalty signals. RL is the foundation of game-playing systems like AlphaGo and increasingly powers robotics, logistics optimisation, and dynamic pricing.

Autonomous Systems

Systems capable of performing complex tasks in real-world environments without human intervention for each action. In regulated sectors such as transport, healthcare, and finance, autonomous AI systems typically fall under the EU AI Act's high-risk classification.

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