Fundamentals

Foundation Model

Definition

A large AI model trained on broad data at scale that can be adapted to a wide range of downstream tasks through fine-tuning or prompting. GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini are examples; under the EU AI Act, providers of GPAI models face specific transparency obligations.

Related Terms

Large Language Model (LLM)

AI models trained on vast amounts of text data that can understand and generate human-like text. Examples include GPT-4, Claude, and Llama. LLMs power modern chatbots, content generation, and code assistance tools.

GPAI (General Purpose AI)

General Purpose AI models—such as large language models—that can be adapted to a wide range of tasks. Under the EU AI Act, GPAI providers must publish technical documentation, comply with copyright law, and publish summaries of training data. GPAI models with systemic risk face additional requirements.

Fine-tuning

The process of taking a pre-trained AI model and further training it on a specific dataset to adapt it for a particular task or domain. Fine-tuning can deliver significantly better performance than prompting alone for specialised enterprise workflows.

Related Services

Product Decision Review

Eu Ai Act Compliance

Knowing the Terms Is Step One. Applying Them Is Step Two.

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